Scraping apparatus



1947- G. E. DANIELS 2,425,601

SCRAPING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 29, 1944 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 f, k} I? INVENTOR. Gown/v E Dawns v ATTORNEY.

Aug. 12, 1947.

G. E. DANIE LS SCRAP INC: APPARATUS Filed Jan. 29, 1944 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 s E 0 M UFM w m \v M W W J Aug. 12, 1947. DANlELs 2,425,601 I SCRAPING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 29, 1944 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR: 6020M C DAN/25 ATTORNEY BY M 7 Aug. 12, 1947. E s 2,425,601

SCRAPING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 29, 1944 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR: Gown/vi. DAN/[L5 ATTORNEY.

Patented Aug. 12, 1947 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE SCRAPING APPARATUS Gordon E. Daniels, Nashville, Tenn.

Application January 29, 1944, Serial No. 520,167

This invention relates to dirt scrapers and has particular reference to scrapers of the carryall type wherein a dirt accumulating body having a scraping edge associated therewith is pulled over the ground to be scraped, the forward movement of the scraping edge directing the scraped material upwardly thereinto.

As is well known, in scrapers of the above type, the dirt upon passing over the scraping edge tends to collect or pile-up directly above and behind this edge, and as further dirt is directed into the body by the scraping edge, it tends to compact into a hardened mass, clogging the edge and hindering distribution of the dirt throughout the body so that the latter cannot be filled to its capacity.

In the machine disclosed and claimed in my Patent No. 2,301,158, issued November 3, 1942, I have overcome the above mentioned difficulty by moving a rear bowl, situated in back of the scraping edge, toward and away from a forward bowl which is arranged in front of the scraping edge, thereby to force the dirt located above the edge bodily into both bowls so as to evenly distribute the same. Also, when the bowls are separated a void or at least a region of decreased density is created above the scraping edge allowing easier influx of scraped material introduced into the body by the scraping edge. This machine is entirely satisfactory in operation but has one drawback in that the rear bowl is pivoted adjacent the bottom thereof to facilitate unloading as well as distribution of the load, and consequently, although the upper portion of a load within the scraper receives a considerable amount of bodily movement into both bowls and results in a void of considerable extent, the lower portion of such load, because of the smaller relative movement between the bowls adjacent the pivotal support for the rear bowl, does not receive as great a distributing movement and consequently the resulting void in this region is proportionately smaller.

One object of the present invention is to overcome the above noted drawback.

Another object of the present invention is to automatically distribute material accumulated by the scraping edge throughout a scraper body in response to the reaction between the scraper and the prime mover therefor.

A further object is to reduce the amount of attention required on the part of the scraper operator in operating a scraper.

A further object is to coordinate the movement of the forward and rear bowls of a scraper in all phases of operation performed by the scraper.

A further object is to provide a simple operating connection between the. forward and rear bowls of a scraper for the purpose of properly 21 Claims. (01. 37-126) 2 controlling movements thereof in all phases of operation.

A further object is to automatically adjust the height of the scraping edge in accordance with the reaction between the scraper and the prime mover therefor.

The manner in which the above and other objects of the present invention are accomplished will be readily understood from the following specification when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:

Fig. 1 is a side 'elevational view of a dirt scraper embodying the present invention and showing the scraper in alternate digging positions.

Fig. 2 is a sectional View in side elevation of the scraper showing parts of the scraper in the alternate digging positions illustrated in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view in side elevation howing the scraper in dumping position.

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the scraper.

Fig. 5 is a sectional view in side elevation, with parts broken away, of an alternative and simplified form of the invention.

Referring now to the drawings, the scraper comprises side frames ll secured in spaced relationship by a tubular rear cross beam l2, a forward cross beam [3, and a lower mold board [4, the latter having attached thereto a scraping blade 15 capable of directing material scraped thereby upwardly into the scraper body formed by the side frames I I, a rear bowl l1 and a forward bowl 18.

The scraper body is supported at the rear thereof :by wheels 20 and at the front thereof by a yoke frame 2| carried by a truck including dirigible wheels 22. A draft bar 50 is pivotally connected at 50a to the axle member 50b of the front wheels for the purpose of connecting the scraper to a tractor or other prime mover for pulling the same along the ground.

The yoke frame 2| comprises a right angled post 23 provided at the lower end thereof with a pivot pin 50.0 fitted in a suitable bearing formed in the axle 50b. The post 23 is integral with a tubular cross beam 24 to which are also rigidly fixed two arms 25 extending rearwardly adjacent and outside the side walls I l of the scraper. These arms terminate in pivotal connections 26 with links 21 which in turn are pivotally connected at 28 to gusset'plates 29 forming part of the side frames H.

A stop lug 30 carried by each frame II limits the clockwise rocking of each link 21 to that po sition illustrated in Fig. 1. v

The forward end of the scraper body is normally raised and lowered, whereby to vertically adjust the position of the scraper blade l5 relative to the ground, by a cable and sheave arrangement comprising a sheave block 3| mounted on the front cross beam I3 of the scraper body 3 and a second sheave block 32 carried by braces 33 extending upwardly from the tubular beam 24 and forming part of a truss for supporting various sheaves f xed bodily pQSiti qns. relative to the yoke frame 2 I A cable 35 is suitably anchored at 35' to orie of the braces 33 and is reeved several times around the sheave blocks. 3! and 32, and then passes over a sheave 3,6 car-l 'ried at the forward end of a beam 31 also forming part of the aforementioned truss.-

latter beam is fixed at its forward end to. the post 23 and at its rear end to the braces 33. From sheave 36 the cable 35 passes under a sheave 3;& mount;=

ed on a flexible cable 39 suitably anchored to thefront wheel axle 55?), from whence the cable F is led to a suitable winch (not shown) d iven. b thep im m er o h crape qrd'er. to bra'ice. the yoke frame 2L against lateral; mqvem n relative to the, scra er body a roller '46 (*Fig. 1) is rotatably mounted. on brackets extending from each yoke frame arm 25 androlls in contact with a longitudinal beam 42. and a vertical. beam 43. forming a part -of the respective side frame Ill.

Under ordinary circumstances, i. e., when no material reaction issetup. between the scraper blade i5 and the prime mover, the weight'of, the scraper bodywill force-the pivots 26 of the yoke framearnis 25downwardly, holding the link 21 against the stop lugs 30 Thus, ordinarily the pivots 26 are. in fix'edj relation relative to. the scraper body, and when the. cable 35 is raised or lowered the yoke frame 2| rocks, relativeto the scraper body. about an axis. coincident with the centers of pivots 26 in. their positions illustrated in'liig. 1. However, under conditions to be here:- inafter set forth, i. 'e[, when considerable reac- .tion is setup between the-scraper bIadeandthe prime. mover, incident. to forward. movementof the. scraper the. yoke. frame. 2IJ will be rocked about the axes ofthewheels i' f r sition, for. example, as. shown. in dot and dash lines. Zia in Eigs. 1. and .2 raisingv the pivot 25 upwardlyto. a; position indicated at 25a. due to the tendency. of the. yoke frame. to assumea position wherein the pivots 26 and 28 are, ar-. rangediin a linepassing through theaxes of. the frontwheels 2 2,

Means are provided for supporting-the rear cqwl n. for movement about either; or both of two different axes'for'the-purpose of even-1y. dis: tributing material within the bowl and f or. ej ecting 61. unlo ding scraped. material lfromthe body. Extending between andfasfi ledto the, sidewalls ljeof. the scraper is; a shaft 4.5 onwhichismounted,a tubular sleeve 4 6?arrangedtangentially in contact withthevmold board: i A floor panel lli-arranged to the rears of member, 45; and extends therealong. Panel 4] hasrigidly fixed theretoonopposite ends. thereof armsMl-Q each pivbted on the. shaft. 45. The. upper ends'lofthe 'arms .48..are.pivotally connected. at 52.to the .sides of. the bowl fl 1. and thereby-support the bowl.

rams;

Thearms 58 and the floor panel 41. are capable.

of being rocked forward from the position shown inEig; 2 to.that,.shown in.Fig. 3 to move the bowls fl 1 v and; I canto unloadin i ositionslias will hereinafter appear, but for the present, indescribing the load distributing function, it willbe assumed that the armsjlBv and 2 consequently the positions of the. pivots .52 relative to the. scraper body ema n-mew A link 53,. Figs. v2, and s, is pivotally. conn cted atf54.,toi,thel side '51 of the. rear bowllandat 5.5

to a bracket extending upward slightly from the forward end of the respective link 27. Thus,

links 53 position the rear bowl I! in an extreme .counterclockwise position about pivots 52 as shown in Fig". 2 with the forward edge 56 thereof extendingadjacent the forward edge of the floor panel 41, this position being assumed when little or no reaction isset up between the scraper blade the. scraper. blade is inserted into the ground; m;- example, as showximFig. 2. Now, asthe scraper ispulle'd forward by its. prime mover the blade [5. and. consequently the scraper body will resist forward, movement. Due to the reaction set; up by the blade l5, by virtue of the forward pull on the bar 50 the yoke frame 2| will tend to rock clockwise about the axes of the front wheels 22 raising the pivotal connections 26 as was set forth hereinbe'fore, Because of this raising" ac-. tion links 53will be drawnfrom the dotted line position shown in Fig; 2itowar'd the dot and dash line position 53a shown in that figure, thereby rocking the rear bowl I! about pivots 521 toward the position shown in dot-dash lines l'l'a. lower forward edge 56 of the bowl. i] will 'conse-'- quently move rearward but in view of the location of the edge 56in juxtaposition with the floor panel 47', the latter will form a means for conveying material to the bowl H in difierent rocked positions thereof about the pivots 52;

As the bowl II rocks clockwise about pivots 52 the lower part of the bowl moves away from the forward bowl l8-and a break or at least a region of decreased density will be formed over thescraping blade; reducingthe force necessary to direct thescraped" material upwardly upon to increased reaction caused by the scraper-blade l5- digging into a large mass of dirt will result in a slight raisin of the scr'aper-bodyabout the axes of-therear wheelsZOinto a position similar to that indicated'in dot-dash lines in Fig. 1.' The scraper blade l5 willconsequently be-raised as indicated for example by the dimension reducing the depth of penetration into the ground'being scraped and reducing the reaction setup between the blade l5 andthedraft bar 50. In order-to accentuate such reductio'nof reactance thehoist cab1e35may be pulled to further raise the scraper body andblade. A thei reactance isreduced the yoke. frame and scraper body willreturn under the force of gravity towardatheir. lowenpositions shownin-full lines of ,Figs; 1. and-.2, movingthe rear;bow-l l1 counterclockwise so ,that'the forward edge 56 of the latte '..wil1-forceits wayintothe body ofthe accumulated; scraped material In view ofthepresence ofthe forward bowl I8, the rear bowl-I'lwillnot be capable of; forcing the scraped .materialforwardly any considerable ,ex-

tent and consequently asthe rear bowl l1lmoves in, a. counterclockwise direction the scraped ma teria] will move into the rearmost positions of The the latter bowl, enabling the same to be filled to its capacity.

Means are provided under the control of the scraper operator to position the forward bowl [8 so as to cause any desired opening to be created between the lower edge of this bowl and the scraper blade [5. The sides 60 of the bowl l8 have rigidly fixed thereto rearwardly extending and passes over a sheave 61 rotatably mounted at the rear of beam 31, The cable is anchored at 69 to a traveling sheave block 68. Block 68 coacts with a second sheave block 16, fixedly mounted to the forward end of the beam 31, through a cable I I. The latter cable is anchored at 10a to a fixed part of the sheave block 10 and is reeved several times around the sheaves of the blocks 69 and I and thence is passed over a sheave 12 coaxial with the aforementioned sheave 36. Thereafter, cable 65 passes under a sheave l3, suitably connected to the forward axle 5611 and is then led to a suitable winch (not shown) preferably driven by the prime mover and under the control of the scraper operator. Thus, in order to adjust the forward bowl to provide a suitable opening for the scraped material to pass upwardly from the scraping blade, the cable 65 is drawn forwardly, rocking the links 62 about pivots 64 while rocking the arm 6| about the pivots 52. Since the pivots 52, 63, and 64 are situated substantially in a straight line when the forward bowl is in closed position'shown in Fig. 2, adjustment of the latter upwardly a small amount to digging position will not appreciably move the arms 48 and pivots 52 beyond that position shown in Fig. 2. However, the bowl I8 may be adjusted to any desired heighth and even though the position of the pivot 52 may vary because of this adjustment, resulting in different rocked positions of the floor member, it will not affect operation of the load distributing mechanism mentioned above.

When the scraper has been loaded to its full capacity or less, as desired, the scraper body is raised by drawing forward on the cable 35 until the scraper blade has sufficiently cleared the ground. This operation will slacken cable 65, allowing the forward bowl to move toward closed position, but if this movement is not sufficient, the cable 65 may be released under manual control.

Describing now the unloading operation, the cable is first preferably adjusted to position the cutting edge of the scraper blade at a height above the ground substantially equal to the desired height of the fill. Thereafter, the cable 65 is drawn forward, raising the bowl l8 about its pivots 52 and 64 while being guided by arms 6| and links 62. By reason of the toggle action of arms BI and links 62 in raising the bowl I8, the arms 48 are carried forwardly, causing the pivots 52 to describe arcs concentric with shaft 45 and consequently carry the upper part of the rear bowl I'I forwardly, At the same time the links 53 restrain forward movement of the lower part of the bowl I! thus rocking the same about pivots 52 into unloading position.

It will be notedthat the above described link age coordinating the movement of the two bowls l! and 18 results in an ideal movement in that the greatest possible leverage is obtained to move the rear bowl during the early phases 'of the unloading operation, i. e., when the maximum force is required to move the bowl ll, while in advanced phases of the unloading operation, i. e., when the force required to rock the bowl is at a minimum, a maximum amount of movement is obtained.

Fig. 5 illustrates an alternative embodiment of one aspect of the invention, the portions of the drawings omitted being intended to similar to the corresponding portion illustrated in the re-' maining Figs. 1 to 4. In this alternative form. the load distributing feature has been omitted and the arms 25 of the yoke frame are pivoted directly to the side frames H by suitable pivot pins 2600. A rear bowl Ila. is pivoted directly on the ,cross bar 45 which is fixed to the side frames H. The front bowl [8 is exactly similar to the corresponding bowl shown in Figs. 1 to 4, being pivoted at 63 to link-s 62 which are in turn pivoted at 64 to the frame sides I I. Also, arms 6| rigidlyfixed to the sides of the front bowl are pivoted. at 52a to the sides of the rear bowl I'm whereby" to constrain both bowls to move in fixed paths: upon being moved from digging or transporting: positions to loadin positions.

Having thus described the invention, what I desire to secure by United States Letters Pat-- en 1s:

1. In a scraping apparatus, the combination comprising a scraper frame adapted to be moved. along the ground, a scraper blade carried by said. frame, means carried by said frame forming a. floor coextensive with said blade, a receptacle adapted to receive material scraped by said blade: and having a cutting edge thereon, means carried by said frame for supporting said receptacle for movement about an axis located above said floor whereby to guide said cutting; edge over and adjacent said floor, and means for moving said receptacle back and forth over said; floor during; movement of said scraper along the ground.

2. In a scraping apparatus, the combination comprising a scraper frame adapted to be moved. along the ground, a scraper blade carried by saidl frame, means carried by said frame forming a fioor coextensive with said blade, means including a draft member for transmitting movement; to said frame to move the same along the ground; said member being capable of limited movement; back and forth relative to said blade in the line of draft, a receptacle adapted to receive material scraped by said blade and having a cutting edge thereon, means carried by said frame for movably supporting said receptacle to guide said cut-- ting edge over and adjacent said floor, and means responsive to said relative movement of said draft member for moving said receptacle back and forth over said floor.

3. In a scraping apparatus, the combination. comprising a scraper frame adapted to be moved along the ground, a scraper blade carried by said frame, means carried by said frame forming a floor coextensive with said blade, means including a draft member for transmitting movement to said frame to move the same along the ground, said member being capable of limited movement back and forth relative to said blade in the line of draft, a receptacle adapted to receive material scraped by said blade and having a cutting edge: thereon, means carried by said frame for movreceptacles directly together whereby to conjointly guide the same, each from a loading position to a discharging position.

15. In a scraping apparatus, the combination comprising a scraper frame adapted to be moved along the ground, a rear receptacle and a front receptacle associated with said frame and extending into cooperative relationship with each other, means for directing material into said receptacles,

means carried by said frame for pivotally supporting said rear receptacle for movement about an axis adjacent the bottom thereof from a loading position to a discharging position, means comprising a link pivotally connected at one point to said front receptacle above said axis, means carried by said frame for pivotally connecting said link at a second point in front of said one point, and means pivotally connecting said receptacles together at a third point whereby to conjointly guide the same, each from a loading position to a discharging position, the axes of all of said pivotal points lying substantially in a single plane when said receptacles are in a loading position.

16. In a scraping apparatus, the combination comprising a scraper frame adapted to be moved along the ground, a rear receptacle and front receptacle associated with said frame and extending into cooperative relationship with each other, means for directing material into said receptacles, means carried by said frame for pivotally supporting said rear receptacle for movement about an axis adjacent to the bottom thereof from a loading position to a discharging position, means comprising a link pivotally connected at one point to said front receptacle above said axis, means carried by said frame for pivotally supporting said link at a second point, means pivotally connecting said receptacles together whereby to conjointly guide the same, each from a loading position to a dischargin position, means for moving said receptacles from a loading position to discharging position, and means for moving one of said receptacles independently of the other.

17. In a scraping apparatus, the combination comprising a scraper frame, means supporting said frame for movement along the ground, means including a draft member for transmitting movement to said frame to move the same along the ground, said member being capable of limited movement relative to said frame in line of draft, a pair of receptacles, means carried by said frame for pivotally supporting one of said receptacles for movement from a loading position to a discharging position, means comprising a link pivotally connected at one point to the other of said receptacles, means carried by said frame for pivotally supporting said link at a second point, means pivotally connecting said receptacles together whereby to conjointly guide each of said receptacles from a loading position to a discharging position, and means responsive to said relative movement of said draft member for moving one of said receptacles independently of the other and toward the latter.

18. In a scraping apparatus, the combination comprising a scraper frame adapted to be moved along the ground, a scraper blade carried by said frame, means carried by said frame forming a floor coextensive with said blade, means including a draft member for transmitting movement to said frame to move the same along the ground, said member being capable of limited movement back and forth relative to said blade in the line of draft, a receptacle adapted to receive material scraped by said blade and having a cuttin edge thereon, means carried by said floor means for movably supportin said receptacle to guide said cutting edge over and adjacent said floor, and means responsive to said relative movement of said draft member for moving said receptacle back and forth over said floor, said last mentioned means being responsive to said relative movement of said draft member for raising and lowering said frame.

19. In a scraping apparatus, the combination comprising a scraper frame adapted to be moved along the ground, a scraper blade carried by said frame, means carried by said frame forming a floor coextensive with said blade, means including a draft member for transmitting movement to said frame to move the same along the ground, said member being capable of limited movement back and forth relative to said blade in the line of draft, a receptacle adapted to receive material scraped by said blade and having a cutting edge thereon, means carried by said floor means for movably supporting said receptacle to guide said cutting edge over and adjacent said floor, and means responsive to increased reactance between said blade and said member for moving said receptacle in one direction and raising said frame, and responsive to decreased reactance between said blade and said member for moving said receptacle in the opposite direction and for lowering said frame.

20. In a scraping apparatus, the combination comprising a scraper frame adapted to be moved along the ground, a pair of receptacles associated With said frame and extending into cooperative relationship with each other, means for directing material into said receptacles, means carried by said frame for pivotally supporting a first one of said receptacles for movement about an axis adjacent the bottom thereof between loading and discharging positions, means pivotally connecting the other of said receptacles directly to said first receptacle, guide means for constraining said other receptacle to move in a predetermined path relative to said frame between loading and discharging positions, and means for moving said other receptacle through said path whereby to move both of said receptacles between loading and discharging positions.

21. In a scraping apparatus, the combination comprising a scraper frame adapted to be moved along the ground, a pair of receptacles associated with said frame and extending into cooperative relationship with each other, means for directing material into said receptacles, means carried by said frame for pivotally supporting a first one of said receptacles for movement about an axis adjacent the bottom thereof between loading and discharging positions, means pivotally connecting the other of said receptacles directly to said first receptacle, and a link pivotally connected between said other receptacle and said frame for constraining said other receptacle to move in a predetermined path relative to said frame between loading and discharging positions.

GORDON E. DANIELS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,272,221 Mork Feb. 10, 1942 2,305,481 LeBleu Dec. 15, 1942 2,332,686 Austin et a1. Oct. 26, 1943 

